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15 [C] 관계및 논리 연산자

Relational and Logical Operators

 

The relational operators are

 

>     >=    <       <=

They all have the same precedence. Just below them in precedence are the equality operators:

 

==   !=

 

Relational operators have lower precedence than arithmetic operators, so an expression like i < lim-1 is taken as i < ( lim- 1 ), as would be expected.

 

More interesting are the logical operators && and ||. Expressions connected by && or || are evaluated left to right, and evaluation stops as soon as the truth or falsehood of the result is known. Most C programs rely on these properties. For example, here is a loop from the input function getline that we wrote in Chapter 1:

 

for (i=0; i<lim-1 && (c=getchar()) != \n' && c != EOF; ++i)

s[i] = c;

Before reading a new character it is necessary to check that there is room to store it in the array s, so the test i < lim-1 must be made first. Moreover, if this test fails, we must not go on and read another character.

 

Similarly, it would be unfortunate if c were tested against EOF before getchar is called; therefore the call and assignment must occur before the character in c is tested.

 

The precedence of && is higher than that of ||, and both are lower than relational and equality operators, so expressions like

 

i<lim-1 && ( c = qetchar ( ) ) != \n’ && c != EOF

need no extra parentheses. But since the precedence of != is higher than assignment, parentheses are needed in

 

( c = qetchar ( ) ) != \n'

to achieve the desired result of assignment to c and then comparison with \n ’.

 

By definition, the numeric value of a relational or logical expression is 1 if the relation is true, and 0 if the relation is false.

 

The unary negation operator ! converts a non-zero operand into 0, and a zero operand into 1. A common use of ! is in constructions like

 

if (!valid)

rather than

 

if (valid == 0)

Its hard to generalize about which form is better. Constructions like !valid read nicely (“if not valid”), but more complicated ones can be hard to understand.

 

 

 

 

 

 

[The C Programming Language p.41-42]

 

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